EVALUATION OF HYPOSPADIAS IN CHILDREN OF KOLKATA CITY, INDIA- AN OBSERVATIONAL HOSPITAL BASED STUDY

Abstract

Background: The incidence of developmental anomalies and disabilities associated with hypospadias is still a matter of controversy and data on this issue are sparse. Hypospadias is the second most common congenital anomaly in children. It is characterized by the abnormal ventral opening of the urethral meatus. Abnormal urethral opening may be located on the penile shaft, scrotum or perineum respectively.

Objective: The present study was aimed to study clinical profile of hypospadias cases at a super specialty hospital in Kolkata city. 

Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of 480 patients who underwent hypospadias repair from 2013 to 20018. Data collected for each patient included age, sex, demography, and major symptoms, duration of symptoms and relevant past and treatment history. 

Results: In the present study of 480 patients were included in which the incidence was higher in 1-6 years of age. 256 patients were reported in 1-6 years of age i.e. in 53.32%. The various types of hypospadias were described in the study population, in which coronal and distal penile form were found to be more common i.e. in 55.62% subjects and glanular form found to be least incident i.e. 2.71% cases. 146 (30.41%) patients were associated with prepucial hood; 109 (22.7%), meatal stenosis; 98 (20.41%) patients were associated with severe chordee and 153 (31.87%) with narrow urethral plates. In case of distal hypospadias, 295 cases were detected and corrected. Glanular type was found to be least and distal hypospadias were with the highest incidence of 61.45%.

Conclusion: Posterior hypospadias was the most common anomaly in this study. It was associated with a high rate of extra abdominal wall anomalies, and physical and psychosocial disabilities. The significance of the latter findings with respect to the development of affected patients needs further clarification.

Keywords: Abnormal Urethral opening, Congenital anomalies, Genital anomalies, Hypospadias, Penile anomalies.