AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF VARIOUS ASPECTS OF SPONTANEOUS & INDUCED ABORTIONS.

Abstract

Background & Aim: To study incidences of spontaneous and induced abortion which needs to be aimed at reducing unintended pregnancies. We have analyzed the complications of abortions and procedure associated complications of spontaneous and induced miscarriages in this study.

Method & Result: Women were divided in two groups whilst one that of women complaining of spontaneous abortion and the second that of women attending OPD for medical termination of pregnancy. Both groups had 200 women in each group.

The women in group B approached the OPD for termination of pregnancy, majority of women had come for termination of pregnancy due to contraception failure (51%). On further investigating the method used for contraception, these women reported of using abstinence or withdrawal method for contraception. It is long evident the high failure rates of natural methods of contraception. Followed by subgroup was that of women having congenital anomaly in fetus (27%). 12% had come with blighted ovum and 10% with sterilization failure.

81% of cases of group A presented as spontaneous abortion some medical or surgical intervention was needed so as to evacuate the uterus of the products of conception. 124 women underwent surgical evacuation of the uterine contents by various methods like MVA, Sand E and D and C. in group B 46 women underwent termination by medical methods whilst, medical abortion kit, misoprostol alone or oxytocin in second trimester abortion. 

The method of post abortal contraception adopted by the women in each group. As high as 35 % women did not opt for any contraceptive method, while the most common method for contraception employed in both groups were tubectomies. In group A 68% of women accepted post-abortion contraception (44% t short-term methods like condoms or pills), 7% intrauterine devices [IUCDs], 20% sterilization). In group B, 65% of women accepted post-abortion contraception (35% short-term methods like condoms or pills), 8% intrauterine devices [IUCDs], 22% sterilization.

Conclusion: Comprehensive contraceptive counseling can help prevent unintended pregnancies that lead to abortions & should include information on when fertility returns after a birth or abortion; discussion of the full range of contraceptive methods & their characteristics, effectiveness & side effects; an assessment of a woman’s characteristics, contraceptive needs and goals. It’s an important step toward improving the reproductive health of women in India. It is important that abortion services be seen not in isolation, but as part of a constellation of care tailored to the sexual and reproductive health needs of reproductive-age women.

Keywords: Miscarriages, Abortions, & Spontaneous.